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UN R107 Supplement 2 (11 series) · UNECE Regulation No. 107 (ECE R107) — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of category M2 or M3 vehicles with regard to their general construction.

UN R107 — Supplement 2 to the 11 series of amendments

Supplement 1 → 2

Adopted at the WP.29 199th sessionEntry into force not yet known
What changed
  • New paragraphs 2.49. and 2.50. define ADSF-1 and ADSF-2, and many provisions add rules for vehicles equipped with an ADSF-2.
  • Many provisions on the driver’s compartment and the driver’s seat now add “(if fitted)” or “(if applicable)”.
  • The vehicle classes now use a capacity of 23 occupants, instead of 22 passengers in addition to the driver.
Why
  • The supplement takes into account vehicles of category X and vehicles with a manual mode operating above 6 km/h that are equipped with an ADSF-2.
  • For ADSF-1, no special arrangements need to be made, because the driver is still present in the driver’s seat as fall-back user.
  • The definitions for mass in running order and number of passengers have been aligned with Rev. 8 of R.E.3.

Q1What changed107 changes

Introduction and new ADS definitions (paras. 0., 2.23., 2.49., 2.50. and 5.7.)

New paragraphs 0. to 0.1.5. add an Introduction to the Regulation. New paragraph 2.49. defines “ADS feature of type 1 (ADSF-1)” as an ADS feature which includes an ADS fallback response requiring a fallback user. New paragraph 2.50. defines “ADS feature of type 2 (ADSF-2)” as an ADS feature which does not include such a fallback response. New paragraph 5.7. requires vehicles equipped with an ADSF-2 to comply with the technical requirements of “UN Regulation No [XXX]”, as the text prints it. Under paragraph 2.23., an on-board operator/user of an ADS feature, in charge of responsibility for the tasks other than DDT, is considered a crew member. The definitions of “Passenger” and “Service door” now add “(if applicable)” to their reference to the driver.

"ADS feature of type 1 (ADSF-1)" means an ADS feature which includes an ADS fallback response requiring a fallback user
"ADS feature of type 2 (ADSF-2)" means an ADS feature which does not include an ADS fallback response requiring a fallback user.
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Capacity of 23 occupants and mass in running order (paras. 2.1.1., 2.1.2. and 2.18.)

Paragraphs 2.1.1. and 2.1.2. now set the vehicle classes by a capacity of 23 occupants, instead of 22 passengers in addition to the driver. The vehicle concept in paragraphs 2.2.1. and 2.2.2. and several paragraphs of Annexes 3 and 4 also use “23 occupants” instead of “22 passengers”. In Annex 1 – Part 1, Appendices 1 and 2, paragraph 5. now concerns vehicles “used for the carriage of occupants comprising more than nine seats”. The mass in running order (para. 2.18.) and the mass items in Annex 1 now include the driver “except in the case of vehicles of category X”. Paragraph 2.7. of Appendices 1 and 2 now reads “Driving cab (if fitted) (forward, bonneted or not applicable)”. The footnote that refers to R.E.3 now cites document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.8 instead of Rev.6, with a new web address.

For vehicles having a capacity exceeding 22 passengers in addition to the driver23 occupants, there are three classes of vehicles:
"Mass of the vehicle in running order" means the mass of the unladen vehicle with bodywork, and with coupling device in the case of a towing vehicle, in running order, or the mass of the chassis with cab if the manufacturer does not fit the bodywork and/or coupling device (including coolant, oils, 90 per cent fuel, 100 per cent other liquids except used waters, tools, spare wheel and driver (75 kg), ) except in the case of vehicles of category X, and, for buses and coaches, the mass of the crew member (75 kg) if there is a crew seat in the vehicle.
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Driver’s compartment and driver’s seat “(if fitted)” or “(if applicable)”

Many provisions on the driver’s compartment, the driver’s seat or the driver now add “(if fitted)” or “(if applicable)”. Without a driver’s compartment, extinguisher space must be close to the crew member seat, if fitted, or in the frontal area of the passenger compartment. Paragraph 7.2.3.1. moves the space for the Annex 11 markings from the driver’s area to the frontal area of the passenger compartment. With an ADSF-2 (including vehicles of category X), the marking must be in the passenger compartment and visible to a crew member, if any. If the ADS may operate without a crew member, the required information must also be made available to the ADS. Paragraph 7.7.1.8.4. and the access requirements for emergency doors in paragraph 7.7.2. do not apply to vehicles of category X.

Driver's compartment (if applicable)
Driver's seat (if applicable)
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Alarms, isolating switch and emergency lighting with an ADSF-2

For vehicles equipped with an ADSF-2, all compartments with an internal combustion engine or a combustion heater must have an excess-temperature alarm system. This alarm system must transmit a logic signal to the ADS whilst the ADS feature is active, and activate the hazard warning signal. For vehicles equipped with an ADSF-2, the alarm system for excess temperature or smoke must also cover sleeping compartments and passenger compartment(s) (para. 7.5.6.1.). Upon detection and whilst an ADSF-2 is active, this system must transmit a logic signal to the ADS and activate the hazard warning signal. Paragraph 7.5.7.1. adds rules for the activation of an alarm system in vehicles of Classes I, II, III, A and B equipped with an ADSF-2. Then the emergency lighting system, if fitted, must activate automatically, and a logic signal must be transmitted to the ADS.

In addition to the alarm system, vehicles of Classes I, II and III shall be equipped with a fire suppression system in the engine compartment and each compartment where a combustion heater is located. Vehicles of Classes A and B, may be equipped with a fire suppression system in the engine compartment and in each compartment where a combustion heater is located. In the case of vehicles equipped with an ADSF-2, vehicles having an internal combustion engine or a combustion heater, all compartments where an internal combustion engine, or a combustion heater are located, shall be equipped with an alarm system transmitting a logic signal to the ADS whilst the ADS feature is active, and activating the hazard warning signal, in the event of excess temperatures in those compartments.
Vehicles shall be equipped with an alarm system detecting either an excess temperature or smoke in toilet compartments, driver's sleeping compartments and other separate compartments. In the case of vehicles equipped with an ADSF-2, such vehicles shall be equipped with an alarm system detecting either an excess temperature or smoke in toilet compartments, sleeping compartments, passenger compartment(s) and other separate compartments.
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Service doors on vehicles with an ADSF-2

New paragraph 7.6.4.6.2. requires automatically-operated service doors on vehicles equipped with an ADSF-2. This does not apply if the ADS safety concept provides an equivalent level of safety in agreement with the Technical Service and Type Approval Authority. Vehicles equipped with an ADSF-2 must be fitted with a starting prevention device (para. 7.6.5.9.). With an ADSF-2, every automatically operated service door must be controllable by the ADS, unless the ADS safety concept delegates this to a crew member. With an ADSF-2, the ADS must also be able to inhibit and re-establish the automatic closing process, with the same crew member exception. The definition of “Automatically-operated service-door” (para. 2.26.) now says “after activation of the controls by the driver or by an ADS”.

Vehicles equipped with an ADSF-2 shall be equipped with automatically-operated service doors unless the safety concept of the ADS provides for an equivalent level of safety in agreement with the Technical Service and Type Approval Authority.
Except as provided in paragraph 7.6.5.1. above, the opening controls of every automatically-operated service door shall be capable of being activated and deactivated only by the driver from his seat. In case of vehicles equipped with an ADSF-2, every automatically operated service door shall be capable of being controlled by the ADS, unless the ADS safety concept delegates this task to a crew member.
19 more changes in this group — open in Compare

Emergency doors, windows and escape hatches

For power-operated emergency doors, paragraph 7.6.7.2. now says “until a closing control has been operated” instead of “until the driver subsequently operates a closing control”. In vehicles with an ADSF-2, the emergency door warning and the overnight locking warning must also be transmitted to the ADS as a logic signal. Whilst an ADSF-2 is active, a logic signal must be transmitted to the ADS when a hinged emergency window is not completely closed. Whilst an ADSF-2 is active, the same applies when a roof and/or floor escape hatch has been opened or removed for emergency egress (para. 7.6.9.6.). In paragraph 7.6.8.2.2.3., the operational status of an electronic device may now be provided as a logic signal to the ADS.

Emergency doors, during their use as such, shall not be of the power-operated type unless, once either a service door control prescribed in paragraph 7.6.5.1. above, or a control for a dedicated emergency door complying with the provisions of paragraph 7.6.5.1. has been actuated and returned to its normal position, the doors do not close again until the driver subsequently operates a closing control has been operated. Activation of one of the controls prescribed in paragraph 7.6.5.1. above shall cause the door to open to a width that the gauge as defined in paragraph 7.7.2.1. below can pass through within a maximum of 8 seconds after the operation of the control, or enable the door to be easily opened by hand to a width that the gauge can pass through within a maximum of 8 seconds after the operation of the control. In addition emergency doors shall not be of the sliding type except in the case of vehicles having a capacity not exceeding 22 passengers23 occupants. For these vehicles a sliding door, which has been shown to be capable of being opened without the use of tools after a frontal barrier collision test in accordance with Regulation No. 33, can be accepted as an emergency door.
All emergency doors shall be provided with an audible device to warn the driver when they are not securely closed. The warning device shall be operated by movement of the door catch or handle and not by movement of the door itself. In case of vehicles with an ADSF-2, a logic signal shall be transmitted to the ADS.
6 more changes in this group — open in Compare

Communication with the driver and/or an ADS, and boarding devices

On vehicles of Classes I, II and A, passengers signal that “the vehicle should be stopped”, instead of that “the driver should stop the vehicle”. The “bus stopping” sign text no longer states a minimum letter height of 50 mm. For vehicles equipped with an ADSF-2, a means must enable passengers in case of emergency to request to bring the vehicle to a safe stop. In Annex 8, several rules for boarding devices now say “the driver and/or crew member” instead of “the driver”. New paragraph 3.11.5. says that the devices of paragraphs 3.11.1. to 3.11.4. may alternatively be controlled by an ADS. With an ADSF-2 and no onboard human supervision, a safety device must protect all areas where the movement might trap or crush objects or persons.

On vehicles of Classes I, II and A, a means shall be provided to enable passengers to signal that the driver vehicle should stop the vehiclebe stopped. The controls for all such communication devices shall be capable of being operated with the palm of the hand. There shall be appropriate communication devices distributed adequately and evenly throughout the vehicle and no more than 1 500 1,500 mm from the floor; this does not exclude the possibility of installing higher additional communication devices. Controls shall contrast visually with their immediate surroundings. Activation of the control shall also be indicated to the passengers by means of one or more illuminated signs. The sign shall display the words ‘"bus stopping’ " or equivalent, in letters of not less than 50 mm high, and/or a suitable pictogram, and shall remain illuminated until the service door(s) open. Articulated vehicles shall have such signs in each rigid section of the vehicle. Double-deck vehicles shall have them on each deck. The provisions of paragraph 7.6.11.8 . of this annex apply to any textual markings used.
For vehicles equipped with an ADSF-2, a means shall be provided to enable passengers in case of emergency, to request to bring the vehicle to a safe stop.
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Q2Why it changed

Proposed by
Expert from the Kingdom of the Netherlands on behalf of the Task Force on Automated Vehicles Regulatory Screening (TF-AVRS)
Working party
GRSG, 130th session (October 2025)

Reasons

  • The supplement is introduced to take into account vehicles of category X. It also takes into account vehicles with a manual mode operating at speeds above 6 km/h which are equipped with an ADSF-2.

    Source
    “is introduced to take into account vehicles of category X, as well as vehicles with a manual mode operating at speeds above 6 km/h which are equipped with an Automated Driving System Feature of Type 2 (ADSF-2)”
  • GRSG experts noticed that, for these bus provisions, it is often not an issue whether an ADS performs the Dynamic Driving Task (DDT). The issue is that there is no longer a driver in the driver’s seat who is responsible for several non-DDT tasks. As part of the ADS concept, a crew member could take responsibility for non-DDT tasks like opening doors, while the ADS takes over the DDT.

    Sources (3)
    “It was noticed by GRSG experts, that for the provisions related to these buses, it is often not an issue whether an Automated Driving System (ADS) is performing the Dynamic Driving Task (DDT)”
    “but the situation that there is no longer a driver, sitting in the driver’s seat who is responsible for several non-DDT tasks in the vehicle”
    “A crew member could be part of the ADS concept, such that the DDT task is taken over by the ADS, while the crew member takes responsibility for non-DDT tasks like opening doors, etc.”
  • For ADSF-1, no special arrangements need to be made. The driver is still present in the driver’s seat as fall-back user and needs to be able to take over control at any time. It is assumed that this fall-back user can be held responsible for non-DDT tasks.

    Sources (3)
    “for ADSF-1, no special arrangements need to be made”
    “the driver is still present in the driver’s seat as fall-back user and needs to be able to take over control at any time”
    “It is assumed such fall-back user can be held responsible for non-DDT tasks”
  • The definitions for mass in running order and number of passengers have been aligned with Rev. 8 of R.E.3.

    Source
    “The definitions for mass in running order and number of passengers have been aligned with Rev. 8 of R.E.3.”
  • Paragraph 2.7. of Annex 1 – Part 1 – Appendices 1 and 2 has been aligned. “Bonneted” is considered more clear than “normal”.

    Sources (2)
    “Annex 1 – Part 1 – Appendix 1 and 2, paragraphs 2.7 have been aligned.”
    “"Bonneted" is considered more clear than "normal".”

Document trail

  1. 2025-07ProposalECE/TRANS/WP.29/GRSG/2025/30Proposal by the expert from the Kingdom of the Netherlands on behalf of TF-AVRS
  2. —RevisedGRSG-130-60Revised TF-AVRS proposal that replaced ECE/TRANS/WP.29/GRSG/2025/30
  3. —Working party adoptsECE/TRANS/WP.29/GRSG/109Session report, para. 34
  4. 2026-04Sent to WP.29ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/118Text that GRSG sent to WP.29 and AC.1
  5. —Amended in sessionWP.29-199-10Amendments for the AC.1 vote, reproduced in Annex VI of ECE/TRANS/WP.29/1192
  6. 2026-06-24WP.29 adoptsECE/TRANS/WP.29/1192Adopted at the 199th session (session report, para. 103)
  7. PendingIn forceDate not yet known

Q3Who is affected

Vehicle manufacturer

  • Check the class of each vehicle type against the new capacity limit of 23 occupants (paras. 2.1.1. and 2.1.2.).
  • For vehicles equipped with an ADSF-2, fit a starting prevention device (para. 7.6.5.9.).
  • For ADSF-2 vehicles without automatically-operated service doors, agree an equivalent safety concept with the Technical Service and Type Approval Authority.
  • Make sure that, whilst an ADSF-2 is active, the paragraph 7.5.6.1. alarm system transmits a logic signal to the ADS.
  • Make the paragraph 3.3.1. marking information available to the ADS if the ADS may operate without a crew member.

Component supplier

  • Make sure that your door control systems let the ADS control automatically operated service doors where paragraph 7.6.6.1.1. requires it.
  • For vehicles with an ADSF-2, support the logic signal to the ADS that paragraph 7.6.7.6. requires.
  • For ADSF-2 vehicles without onboard human supervision, give kneeling systems a safety device against trapping or crushing objects or persons.

Technical service / Approval authority

  • Be ready to agree on ADS safety concepts that give an equivalent level of safety (paras. 7.5.2.5. and 7.6.4.6.2.).
  • For vehicles of category X, do not include the driver (75 kg) in the mass in running order (para. 2.18.).
  • For ADSF-2 vehicles, check that passengers have a means to request a safe stop in case of emergency (para. 7.7.9.1.1.).

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ⓘ This report gives advice only. It is not legal or type-approval advice.

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