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UN R49 Base text (07 series) · UNECE Regulation No. 49 (ECE R49) — Uniform provisions concerning the measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from compression-ignition engines and positive ignition engines for use in vehicles.

UN R49 — 07 series of amendments

Changes from 06 series of amendments (supplement 6)

Adopted at the WP.29 184th sessionEntry into force 2022-01-07
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What changed
  • Cold start emissions must now be included in the emissions evaluation of the Annex 8 test (para. 4.6.2.).
  • The PEMS procedure of Annex 8 now also measures PM number, and Table 2 sets a maximum allowed conformity factor of 1.63 for it.
  • The documentation package must now include an AES documentation package as described in new Annex 2D.
Why
  • Emissions after a cold engine start were not assessed in the type-approval demonstration test or the in-service conformity test.
  • Particle number measurements with PEMS are already in the type-approval rules for light passenger and commercial vehicles.
  • The AES rules changed for light passenger and commercial vehicles and should be aligned with those for heavy duty vehicles for consistency.

Q1What changed239 changes

Cold start, test start and payload in the PEMS tests (Annexes 8 and 10)

Cold start emissions must now be included in the emissions evaluation (Annex 8, para. 4.6.2.). Before the 07 series, any cold start emissions could be removed from the emissions evaluation. Artificial warming up of the emission control systems before the test start is now prohibited. The final conformity factor is CFfinal = 0.14 × CFcold + 0.86 × CFwarm. CFfinal for each pollutant must not exceed the maximum allowed conformity factor in Table 2 (para. 6.3.). In the PEMS demonstration test, a deviation from the 50-60 per cent payload range may be agreed with the approval authority.

Emissions and other data sampling shall start prior to starting the engine. Any cold Cold start emissions may shall be removed from included in the emissions evaluation, in accordance with paragraph A.1.2.6. of Appendix 1 to this annex.
Emissions sampling, measurement of the exhaust parameters and recording of the engine and ambient data shall commence prior to starting the engine. The coolant temperature shall not exceed 303 K (30 °C) at the beginning test start. Artificial warming up of the test. In case ambient temperature exceeds 303 K (30 °C) at the beginning emission control systems of the vehicle prior to the test, the coolant temperature start shall not exceed the ambient temperature by more than 2 °C. The data evaluation shall start after the coolant temperature has reached 343 K (70 °C) for the first time or after the coolant temperature is stabilized within +/-2 K over a period of 5 minutes whichever comes first but no later than 15 minutes after engine start.be prohibited.
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PM number measurement with PEMS (para. 2.46.1., Annex 8)

New paragraph 2.46.1. adds a definition of “Particulate Matter number” (PM number). The PEMS procedure of Annex 8 now measures PM number for compression ignition engines and for positive ignition engines. Table 2 adds PM number with a maximum allowed conformity factor of 1.63. New paragraphs of Annex 8 cover the installation, checking and calibration of the PM number analyser, and the calculation of PM number emissions. Paragraph A.2.2.5. sets requirements for the PM number analyser, for example a delay time below 5 s and a rise time below 3.5 s.

"Particulate Matter number" (PM number) means the total number of solid particles emitted from the exhaust quantified according to the dilution, sampling and measurement methods as specified in Annex 4.
THC NMHC CH4 PM mass - - THC1 NMHC2 CH42 1.633
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AES documentation package and assessment (para. 3.1.3., Annexes 2D and 10)

The documentation package of paragraph 3.1.3. now has two parts: the information in paragraph 5.1.4. and an AES documentation package (new Annex 2D). Before the 07 series, the two parts were a formal documentation package and an extended documentation package that had to remain confidential. Annex 2D limits the AES documentation package to 100 pages. The manufacturer must send the approval authority a new version of the AES documentation package every time changes are introduced to the AES. At the request of the manufacturer, the approval authority must make a preliminary assessment of the AES for new vehicle types. New Appendix 2 to Annex 10 gives the methodology for the assessment of AES.

Together with the application, the manufacturer shall provide a documentation package that fully explains any element of design which affects emissions, the emission control strategy of the engine system, the means by which the engine system controls the output variables which have a bearing upon emissions, whether that control is direct or indirect, anti-tampering measures and fully explains the warning and inducement system required by paragraphs 4. and 5. of Annex 11. The documentation package shall consist of the following parts including the information set out in paragraph 5.1.4.:
The documentation package shall be identified and dated by the approval authority and kept by that authority for at least 10 years after the approval is granted.
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Transitional provisions and Annex 3, Table 1 (para. 13., Annex 3)

From the entry into force of the 07 series, new types of vehicle or engine get approval only if they comply with the 07 series. Paragraph 13.2.2. covers new types of positive-ignition engines, type 1A and type 1B dual-fuel engines (in dual-fuel mode), and vehicles equipped with such engines. These must comply with the maximum allowed conformity factor for PM number with effect from 1 January 2023. From the entry into force of the 07 series, Contracting Parties are not obliged to accept type approvals not granted to the 07 series. Paragraph 13.3. on acceptance of already issued type approvals is now “Reserved”. Table 1 of Annex 3 now has an entry “Cold start and PM number” and a new character E.

As from the official date of entry into force of the 06 07 series of amendments, no Contracting Party applying this Regulation shall refuse to grant approval under this Regulation as amended by the 06 07 series of amendments.
As from the date of entry into force of the 06 series of amendments, Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall grant ECE approvals only if the engine meets the requirements of this Regulation as amended by the 06 series of amendments.
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07 series in the approval number and the communication forms (para. 4.12.1., Annexes 2A, 2B, 2C and 13)

The first two digits of the approval number are now 07, corresponding to the 07 series of amendments (para. 4.12.1.). The communication forms in Annexes 2A, 2B and 2C and in Appendix 2 to Annex 13 now refer to the 07 series of amendments. WP.29 added this change in the annexes before the AC.1 vote. In Annexes 2A and 2C, the entry “PM mass” is now “PM number”. A new footnote in Annexes 2A and 2C says “CFfinal needs to be stated, if applicable”.

An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two digits (at present 0607, corresponding to 06 07 series of amendments) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party shall not assign the same number to another engine type or vehicle type.
"Engine complying to xx series of amendments xx of to UN Regulation No. 49".
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References to UN Regulation No. 154 and to R.E.3 (para. 5.2.4., Annexes 9A and 12)

Paragraph 1.2. on equivalent approvals now names UN Regulation No. 154 next to UN Regulation No. 83. If the manufacturer requests it, Annex 9A also accepts Annex C5 of UN Regulation No. 154 as equivalent for the vehicles in paragraph 2.4.1. New paragraph 2.4.1.4. considers the “Final OBD threshold limits” in Table 4A of UN Regulation No. 154 as equivalent to character E of Annex 3, Table 1. Paragraphs 2.4.1.3.1. to 2.4.1.3.2.2. are renumbered as paragraphs 2.4.1.5.1. to 2.4.1.5.2.2. under new paragraph 2.4.1.5. Annex 12 now uses CO2 and fuel consumption measurement of the UN Regulation No. 154 type 1 test, with only speed trace and RCB corrections. A footnote on R.E.3 now refers to document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.6 and a new web address.

The following do not need to be approved according to this Regulation: engines mounted in vehicles of up to 2,840 kg reference mass to which an approval to UN Regulation No. 83 or UN Regulation No. 154 has been granted as an extension.
For the dilute testing of positive ignition engines by using an exhaust dilution system, it is permitted to use analyser systems that meet the general requirements and calibration procedures of UN Regulation No. 83 or UN Regulation No. 154. In this case, the provisions of paragraph 9. and Appendix 2 to Annex 4 to this Regulation shall not apply.
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Equations and symbols in Annex 4

In Annex 4, equations (36) and (37) now put the terms after the sum sign in parentheses. The coefficient A0 is now 0.005692, and the equations for QSSV and Cd now use A0/60. Equation (57) is now multiplied by 1/1000, and the coefficient A1 is now 27.43831. The unit of the SSV throat diameter dV is now mm, not m. The emission calculation text now refers to equation 58 instead of equation 57, and “SP” becomes “SP1” and “FC3” becomes “FC2”.

\\displaystyle m_{\mathrm{gas}} = u_{gas} \times \sum_{i=1}^{i=n} c_\left(c_{\mathrm{gas,i}} \times q_{m\mathrm{ew,i}} \times \frac{1}{f} }\right) \quad \text{(in text{in (g/test)}\qquad\text{(36)}
\\displaystyle m_{\mathrm{gas}} = \sum_{i=1}^{i=n} u_\left(u_{\mathrm{gas,i}} \times c_{\mathrm{gas,i}} \times q_{m\mathrm{ew,i}} \times \frac{1}{f} }\right) \quad \text{(in g/test)}\text{in } \left(\frac{\mathrm{g}}{\mathrm{test}}\right)\qquad\text{(37)}
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Q2Why it changed

Proposed by
European Commission
Working party
GRPE, 82nd session (January 2021)

Reasons

  • Emissions after a cold engine start were not assessed in the type-approval demonstration test or the in-service conformity test. To represent real world emissions better, the measurement procedure should include the cold engine start period.

    Sources (2)
    “The emissions performance of heavy duty vehicles in the period following a cold engine start is currently not assessed as part of the type-approval demonstration test or the in-service conformity test.”
    “In order to represent real world emissions better, the measurement procedure should be revised to include measurement of pollutant emissions during the cold engine start period.”

  • Particle number measurements with PEMS are already in the emissions type-approval rules for light passenger and commercial vehicles. A similar requirement is considered appropriate for heavy duty vehicles.

    Sources (2)
    “Particle number measurements using PEMS have been successfully implemented under the emissions type-approval rules for light passenger and commercial vehicles.”
    “It is considered appropriate to introduce a similar requirement in the emissions type-approval rules for heavy duty vehicles.”

  • The rules for declaring and assessing Auxiliary Emission Strategies (AES) have been changed for light passenger and commercial vehicles. They should be aligned with those for heavy duty vehicles for the sake of consistency.

    Source
    “The rules for declaring and assessing Auxiliary Emission Strategies (AES) have been changed for light passenger and commercial vehicles and should be aligned with those for heavy duty vehicles for the sake of consistency.”

  • A new series of amendments is required because the amendment introduces a new conformity factor for particle matter number.

    Source
    “A new series of amendments is required because this proposed amendment introduces a new conformity factor for particle matter number.”

Document trail

  1. 2020-11ProposalECE/TRANS/WP.29/GRPE/2021/6Proposal by the European Commission
  2. —Amended in sessionGRPE-82-22Updates to the proposal for the 82nd GRPE session
  3. —Working party adoptsECE/TRANS/WP.29/GRPE/82Session report, para. 28
  4. 2021-04Sent to WP.29ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2021/66Text that GRPE sent to WP.29 and AC.1
  5. —Amended in sessionECE/TRANS/WP.29/1159WP.29 session report, para. 97: addition before the AC.1 vote
  6. 2021-06WP.29 adoptsECE/TRANS/WP.29/1159Adopted at the 184th session (session report, para. 127)
  7. 2022-01-07In forceC.N.9.2022.TREATIES-XI.B.16.49UN depositary notification

Q3Who is affected

Vehicle manufacturer

  • Include cold start emissions in the emissions evaluation of Annex 8 tests.
  • Prepare an AES documentation package as described in Annex 2D, limited to 100 pages.
  • Meet the PM number conformity factor from 1 January 2023 for new types covered by paragraph 13.2.2.
  • For a preliminary AES assessment of new vehicle types, give the draft package 2–12 months before type approval starts.

Component supplier

  • Check how your emission control components perform during cold operation, because Annex 8 evaluations now include cold start emissions.
  • Give the vehicle manufacturer the AES information that Annex 2D asks for, for example software versions and checksums.

Technical service / Approval authority

  • Be ready to support the approval authority in the AES assessment with the methodology of Appendix 2 to Annex 10.
  • Check the coolant temperature at test start: at most 303 K (30 °C) and at most 5 °C above ambient.
  • Be ready to provide particle number work window and CO2 mass window conformity factors. This applies to positive-ignition engines and to type 1A and type 1B dual-fuel engines in dual-fuel mode.

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ⓘ This report gives advice only. It is not legal or type-approval advice.

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